Pendidikan kesehatan dengan pendekatan psikologis pada penderita tuberculosis yang introvert
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/phc.v4i4.434
Emosional Introvert Pendidikan kesehatan Psikologi kesehatan pribadi Tuberculosis
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the most significant public health problems worldwide. According to World Health Organization estimates, around 10.6 million people were diagnosed with the disease in 2021. Managing tuberculosis is becoming more difficult due to the fact that drug-resistant strains are becoming more common. This makes most tuberculosis patients withdrawn and less social, making them introverted. Introverted patients face their own set of problems in managing tuberculosis (TB), especially related to the level of participation in health services and health literacy. A health education strategy based on personal health psychology techniques is needed as an effort to approach health understanding to introverted tuberculosis patients.
Purpose: To provide emotional support and improve health literacy in introverted tuberculosis patients.
Method: This approach is implemented through a house-to-house visit method. Providing education about health, treatment, and providing social insight on how to behave towards the community. Evaluation using a questionnaire (emotional contingency theory) as a record of behavioral responses and patient facial expressions. Evaluation of facial expressions is grouped into 2 categories, namely positive = if the response is depicted with a bright and smiling face and responding to conversations well and negative = if the patient responds with less responsive, uncommunicative, and closed behavior. Results: More than eighty percent of patients showed symptoms of positive emotions that increased after the educational intervention. Most patients gained increased knowledge and understanding of tuberculosis. Positive patient expressions after the intervention showed that increased knowledge made tuberculosis patients better at interacting with the community.
Conclusion: Community service activities with a psychological health approach by making direct home visits are very effective as an application of health education to introverted tuberculosis patients. With this concept, we have high hopes that patients will be able to gain a more comprehensive understanding of tuberculosis and increase compliance with their healing therapy. Awareness of psychological needs is part of mental health support for tuberculosis sufferers.
Keywords: Emotional; Health education; Introvert; Personal health psychology; Tuberculosis
Pendahuluan: Tuberculosis (TB) terus menjadi salah satu masalah paling signifikan bagi kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Menurut perkiraan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia, sekitar 10,6 juta orang didiagnosis menderita penyakit tersebut pada tahun 2021. Mengelola tuberculosis menjadi lebih sulit karena fakta bahwa strain yang resisten terhadap obat menjadi lebih umum. Hal ini menjadi sebagian besar penderita tuberculosis menjadi tertutup dan kurang berinteraksi dengan sosial, sehingga menjadikan penderita tuberculosis berperilaku introvert. Pasien introvert menghadapi serangkaian masalah tersendiri dalam hal penanganan tuberculosis (TB), khususnya terkait tingkat partisipasi dalam layanan kesehatan dan literasi kesehatan. Diperlukan sebuah strategi pendidikan kesehatan yang didasarkan pada teknik psikologi kesehatan pribadi sebagai upaya pendekatan pemahaman tentang kesehatan kepada penderita tuberculosis yang introvert.
Tujuan: Untuk memberikan dukungan emosional dan meningkatkan pemahaman kesehatan pada penderita tuberculosis yang introvert.
Metode: Pendekatan ini diterapkan melalui metode kunjungan dari rumah ke rumah. Memberikan edukasi tentang kesehatan, pengobatan, dan memberikan wawasan sosial bagaimana bersikap kepada masyarakat. Evaluasi menggunakan kuesioner (teori kontingensi emosional) sebagai pencatatan tanggapan perilaku dan ekspresi wajah pasien. Evaluasi ekspresi wajah dikelompokkan dalam 2 kategori yaitu positif=apabila tanggapan digambarkan dengan wajah yang cerah dan tersenyum serta menanggapi percakapan dengan baik dan negatif=apabila pasien menanggapi dengan perilaku yang kurang responsif, tidak komunikatif, dan tertutup. Hasil: Lebih dari delapan puluh persen pasien menunjukkan gejala emosi positif yang meningkat setelah dilakukan intervensi edukasi. Sebagian besar pasien mendapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang tuberculosis. Ekspresi positif pasien setelah intervensi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pengetahuan menjadikan pasien tuberculosis dalam berinteraksi dengan masyarakat menjadi lebih baik.
Simpulan: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan pendekatan kesehatan psikologis dengan melakukan kunjungan ke rumah langsung sangat efektif sebagai penerapan edukasi kesehatan kepada pasien tuberculosis yang introvert. Dengan konsep ini, kami memiliki harapan besar bahwa pasien akan mampu memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang tuberculosis dan meningkatkan kepatuhan terhadap terapi penyembuhannya. Kesadaran akan kebutuhan psikologis adalah bagian dari dukungan mental kesehatan bagi penderita tuberculosis.
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