Edukasi self-management terhadap self-care monitoring gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by elevated blood sugar levels, requiring consistent insulin use. Self-management is a crucial aspect in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, patients with diabetes mellitus often fail to effectively manage their own health, resulting in macrovascular and microvascular complications.

Purpose: To improve diabetes understanding and control through self-management and self-care monitoring education.

Method: The activity was conducted at the Idi Rayeuk City Community Health Center (UPTD). The implementation team consisted of four people from Bumi Persada University and two Prolanis nurses. Fifty-one respondents, residents of the Idi Rayeuk Community Health Center's work area, participated in the activity. The objective was to provide the community with an understanding of self-care blood sugar monitoring for diabetes mellitus. The material was delivered through lectures and interactive discussions, supported by leaflets. The material covered the definition of diabetes mellitus, self-management of blood sugar monitoring, and its complications. Descriptive evaluation is carried out by looking at changes in respondents' scores between before (pre-test) and after educational activities (post-test).

Results: Shows that the average age of respondents is 55.31 with a standard deviation of ±8.47 and most respondents are in the age range of 56-65 years, namely 41.2%. The majority of respondents are female, namely 82.4%, most of the respondents' education level is elementary-junior high school, namely 96.1%, most of the respondents' jobs are not farmers or fishermen, namely 82.4%, the majority of respondents are married, namely 78.5% and most respondents have suffered from DM >3 years, namely 94.1%. Meanwhile, the self-management value of self-care monitoring of blood sugar of respondents before the educational activity was a mean of 4.1 with a standard deviation of 0.35 in a range of 4-5 points, while after the educational activity got a mean of 5.5 with a standard deviation of 0.38 in a range of 4.5-6.0 points.

Conclusion: Self-management and self-care blood sugar monitoring educational activities are highly effective in increasing public understanding of diabetes mellitus and its complications. These activities also provide positive benefits and enhance experience and knowledge about self-care blood sugar monitoring in diabetes mellitus.

Suggestion: This activity can be continued and is expected to encourage healthy behavior changes as an effort to prevent diabetes mellitus complications early on and reduce future prevalence. Follow-up monitoring through post-education evaluations encourages the community to share experiences and make healthy lifestyle changes.

Keywords: Self-care blood sugar monitoring; Self-management education; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pendahuluan: Diabetes merupakan penyakit kronis yang disebabkan peningkatan kadar gula darah sehingga penderitanya harus menggunakan insulin secara konsisten. Self-management merupakan salah satu aspek yang memegang peranan penting dalam penatalaksanaan diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Namun dalam pelaksanaannya pasien dengan diabetes melitus tidak melakukan self-management dengan baik yang mengakibatkan terjadinya komplikasi makrovaskular dan mikrovaskular.

Tujuan: Untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengendalian diabetes melalui edukasi self-management self-care monitoring.

Metode: Kegiatan dilaksanakan di UPTD Puskesmas Kota Idi Rayeuk. Tim pelaksana terdiri 4 orang dari kampus Universitas Bumi Persada dan 2 orang perawat prolanis. Peserta kegiatan sebanyak 51 responden yang merupakan warga masyarakat wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Idi Rayeuk. Sasaran kegiatan adalah memberikan pemahaman mengenai self-care monitoring gula darah diabetes melitus kepada masyarakat. Materi disampaikan melalui ceramah dan diskusi interaktif yang dibantu dengan media leaflet. Materi meliputi mengenai pengertian diabetes melitus dan self-management monitoring gula darah serta komplikasinya. Evaluasi deskriptif dilakukan dengan melihat perubahan skor responden antara sebelum (pre-test) dan setelah kegiatan edukasi (post-test).

Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa usia rata-rata responden adalah 55.31 dengan standar deviasi ±8.47 dan sebagian besar responden berada di rentang usia 56-65 tahun yaitu sebanyak 41.2%. Mayoritas responden berjenis kelamin perempuan yaitu sebanyak 82.4%, sebagian besar tingkat pendidikan responden adalah SD-SMP yaitu sebanyak 96.1%, sebagian besar pekerjaan responden adalah bukan petani atau nelayan yaitu sebanyak 82.4%, mayoritas responden memiliki status menikah yaitu sebanyak 78.5% dan sebagian besar responden telah menderita DM >3 tahun yaitu sebanyak 94.1%. Sedangkan untuk nilai self-management self-care monitoring gula darah responden sebelum kegiatan edukasi adalah mean 4.1 dengan standar deviasi 0.35 dalam rentang nilai 4-5 poin, sedangkan setelah kegiatan edukasi mendapatkan nilai mean 5.5 dengan standar deviasi 0.38 dalam rentang 4.5-6.0 poin.

Simpulan: Kegiatan edukasi self-management self-care monitoring kadar gula sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang kadar gula diabetes melitus dan komplikasinya. Kegiatan ini juga memberikan keuntungan yang positif dan manfaat dalam menambah pengalaman, pengetahuan tentang self-care monitoring gula darah diabetes melitus.

Saran: Kegiatan ini dapat dilanjutkan dan diharapkan mampu mendorong perubahan prilaku sehat sebagai upaya pencegahan komplikasi diabetes melitus sejak dini guna menurunkan prevalensi di masa depan, dengan pemantauan tindak lanjut melalui evaluasi pasca edukasi yang mendorong masyarakat untuk berbagi pengalaman serta melakukan perubahan gaya hidup dengan pola hidup sehat.