Pelatihan penerapan bantuan hidup dasar dalam tanggap darurat kesehatan di sekolah

Abstract

Background: Emergency situations such as respiratory arrest and sudden cardiac arrest can occur at any time, including in schools. However, most students lack the knowledge and skills required for basic life support (BLS), which often hinders lifesaving efforts during the golden period. Globally, the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains low due to the lack of training bystanders, and in Indonesia, only a small percentage of sudden cardiac arrest victims receive BLS before medical personnel arrive. This situation is also reflected in South Sulawesi, including Bone Regency, where cases of sudden cardiac arrest in schools are rarely handled appropriately. High school students are a potential group for training due to their adequate cognitive and motor skills, but BLS training is not yet a routine part of the curriculum. Therefore, implementing BLS training at SMAN 3 Bone is relevant to improve students' knowledge, skills, and preparedness in dealing with emergencies, while simultaneously fostering a culture of emergency response and social solidarity within the school environment.

Purpose: Improving student capacity through BLS skills training is a strategic effort to develop a young generation that is responsive to emergencies.

Method: A community service activity was conducted on January 9, 2026, at SMAN 3 Bone, South Sulawesi, involving 29 students of grade XII IPA 2 who were purposively selected as respondents. Basic life support (BLS) skills training was provided through interactive lectures, demonstrations/simulations, and hands-on practice. Mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation were conducted to assess the success of the activity, its adherence to the plan, and its impact on improving students' knowledge and skills in performing CPR and first aid.

Results: Of the 29 students participating in the training, 17 were male (58.6%) and 12 were female (41.4%). Participants gained knowledge about the concept of BLS, emergency theory, and vital components in emergencies. They also gained skills in performing a consciousness check, activating the emergency system, practicing airway opening and rescue breathing, and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Conclusion: Basic life support (BLS) education and training through lectures and simulations has proven effective in improving students' knowledge and skills related to emergency management in cases of respiratory/cardiac arrest. This activity contributes to students' knowledge and experience in BLS, enabling them to understand basic concepts and practice first aid skills with greater confidence after the training. Educational activities also benefit by fostering school preparedness for emergencies.

Suggestion: BLS training should be implemented continuously and integrated into the high school curriculum, supported by collaboration between schools, healthcare professionals, and relevant agencies, to foster a culture of preparedness and social solidarity within the school environment in the face of emergencies.

Keywords: Basic life support; Emergency; Health education; Student skills; Training

Pendahuluan: Kejadian kegawatdaruratan seperti henti napas dan henti jantung mendadak dapat terjadi kapan saja, termasuk di lingkungan sekolah, namun sebagian besar siswa belum memiliki pengetahuan maupun keterampilan bantuan hidup dasar (BHD) yang sesuai standar sehingga upaya penyelamatan jiwa pada golden period sering terhambat. Secara global, tingkat keberhasilan resusitasi jantung paru (RJP) masih rendah karena saksi awam tidak terlatih, dan di Indonesia hanya sebagian kecil korban henti jantung mendadak yang menerima tindakan BHD sebelum tenaga medis tiba. Kondisi ini juga tercermin di Sulawesi Selatan, termasuk Kabupaten Bone, dengan kasus henti jantung mendadak di sekolah yang jarang ditangani secara tepat. Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) merupakan kelompok potensial untuk dilatih karena memiliki kemampuan kognitif dan motorik yang memadai, namun pelatihan BHD belum menjadi bagian rutin kurikulum. Oleh karena itu, pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan BHD di SMAN 3 Bone menjadi relevan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kesiapsiagaan siswa dalam menghadapi kondisi gawat darurat, sekaligus membentuk budaya tanggap darurat dan solidaritas sosial di lingkungan sekolah.

Tujuan: Meningkatkan kapasitas siswa melalui pelatihan keterampilan BHD sebagai upaya strategis dalam membentuk generasi muda yang tanggap terhadap kondisi kegawatdaruratan.

Metode: Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilaksanakan pada 9 Januari 2026 di SMAN 3 Bone, Sulawesi Selatan, dengan melibatkan 29 siswa kelas XII IPA 2 yang dipilih secara purposif sebagai responden. Pelatihan keterampilan bantuan hidup dasar (BHD) diberikan melalui ceramah interaktif, demonstrasi/simulasi, dan praktik langsung. Pendampingan, monitoring dan evaluasi dilakukan untuk menilai keberhasilan kegiatan, kesesuaian pelaksanaan dengan rencana, serta dampak terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa dalam melakukan RJP dan pertolongan pertama.

Hasil: Dari 29 siswa peserta pelatihan, terdiri atas 17 laki-laki (58.6%) dan 12 perempuan (41.4%). Peserta mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang pengertian bantuan hidup dasar (BHD), teori kegawatdaruratan, dan komponen vital dalam kegawatdaruratan. Peserta juga mendapatkan kemampuan dalam melakukan pemeriksaan kesadaran, melakukan aktivasi sistem kegawatdaruratan, melakukan praktik pembukaan jalan napas dan bantuan napas serta melakukan resusitasi jantung paru (RJP).

Simpulan: Edukasi dan pelatihan keterampilan bantuan hidup dasar (BHD) melalui ceramah dan simulasi terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa terkait penanganan kegawatdaruratan pada kasus henti napas/ henti jantung. Kegiatan ini memberikan kontribusi pengetahuan maupun pengalaman tentang BHD sehingga siswa memahami konsep dasar dan mempraktikkan keterampilan pertolongan pertama dengan lebih percaya diri setelah mengikuti pelatihan. Kegiatan edukasi juga memberikan manfaat dengan terbentuknya kesiapsiagaan sekolah dalam menghadapi kondisi gawat darurat.

Saran: Pelatihan BHD sebaiknya dilaksanakan secara berkesinambungan dan terintegrasi dalam kurikulum sekolah menengah atas, dengan dukungan kerja sama antara pihak sekolah, tenaga kesehatan, dan instansi terkait, sehingga terbentuk budaya kesiapsiagaan serta solidaritas sosial di lingkungan sekolah dalam menghadapi kondisi gawat darurat.